Glossary

A shipping rate that provides an incentive for the shipper to send heavier volumes per shipment.

A standard set of trading terms and conditions designed to assist traders when goods are sold and transported, including the obligation of each party.

When a carrier that is a member of a conference agreement changes the rates or terms of carriage as laid out in the conference agreements.

B2B type electronic commerce done through a neutral network with many transactions.

A cost that is used by multiple activities, and which cannot therefore be assigned to specific cost objects.

There is a distributor between your company and the end user. You sell and ship to the distributor who sells and ships to the end user.

Retail locations that sell your product to consumers, but purchase your products from an intermediary, like a distributor or wholesaler, instead of directly from you.

Data and its interpretation.

The management of the flow of (electronic) data in an organization in a systematic, structured way to assist in planning, implementing, and controlling.

The cost and service benefits of one mode of transportation compared with other modes.

Document used in the overland movement of goods from a shipping point to the international carrier’s location. Serves as proof of delivery and title to the goods.

A transportation provider that offers overland service, such as by truck or rail, to or from a point of export.

Keeping services within the company; the opposite of outsourcing.

A document issued by an independent agent or firm attesting to the quality and/or quantity of the goods being shipped.

Provides financial protection. Premiums are paid for a guarantee to be compensated or protected under certain conditions for specified loss and damage.

A document issued to certify that insurance is provided to cover loss of or damage to the cargo while in transit. Additional coverages may also be specified.

Viewing the entire supply chain as a single process, from raw materials through finished goods distribution, rather than managing individual functions separately.

In EDI, exchanging electronic information between companies. Includes the group of transaction sets transmitted from one sender to one receiver at one time.

Water carriers that transport freight between two coasts, such as between the East and West Coast ports of the U.S. (via the Panama Canal).

A private carrier hauls goods for a subsidiary and charges the subsidiary a fee. Legal if subsidiary is wholly owned or the private carrier has common carrier authority.

When two or more motor carriers work together to haul a shipment to a destination. Carriers may interchange equipment or rehandle the shipment.

A stopping point for a shipment prior to the final destination, such as a warehouse, port, or transportation hub.

A warehouse located between suppliers, manufacturing plants, and customers. Designed to provide increased customer service and reduced distribution costs.

In logistics, devices that help move materials from one place to another, such as bridge cranes, monorails, and stacker cranes.

Location where cargo is transferred between modes of transportation, usually from a ship or truck to rail or vice versa.