Exponential Technology & Kpler have produced a white paper demonstrating how Kpler's daily refinery throughput and production data can be converted into actionable, pre-announcement earnings forecasts for major refiners with strong trading signals.

This paper demonstrates a systematic methodology for forecasting public refinery company earnings using Kpler's daily operational refinery data combined with ensemble machine learning techniques developed by Exponential Technology. Applied to three major U.S. refiners—Phillips 66 (PSX), Valero Energy (VLO), and PBF Energy (PBF)—the framework achieves mean absolute percentage errors (MAPE) of 3.13%, 1.86%, and 3.15% for quarterly production forecasts, respectively, and 3.10%, 4.30%, and 5.80% for quarterly refining revenue forecasts.

